Principles and Practice of Information Security

Security threats in computer networks Computer security is an issue that has grown to be of gross concern in the present years. Individuals and companies have suffered major losses as a result of the vice. Many people have spent quite a lot of money on the same though at times information insecurity has gone on to rise.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Principles and Practice of Information Security specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This paper aims at identifying threats posed by viruses and security tools which can be used to protect computer data from inadvertent usage and for maintenance of confidentiality within persons and organizations. At first the paper will focus on the security issue in general as guidance to the rest of the paper. There are very many security threats that exist in any particular system in the organization. Some of the most serious threats include intrusion by hackers, terrorists , spies, corporate raiders, professional criminals, military forces and vandals, and viruses. Due to the way the current generation has become technology savvy, there are various tools that the attackers have specialized in perfecting their trade. Some of the most common methods are using user commands to gain entry into computer systems, using special scripts and/or programs, making use of autonomous agents, toolkits, data taps and distributed tools. The attackers then pose various vulnerabilities to the system which includes implementation, design and configuration vulnerability. In order to make sure that their efforts are fruitful, they either infiltrate into the computer systems using unauthorized use where a person uses data or information which is otherwise supposed to be limited to him and unauthorized access to some systems. After various series of processes, the person or persons can be able to access files stored in the computer or other information which may be in transi t like data, objects and invocations. This paper will be specific in its focus and will clearly go through virus attacks with a special concern on poison Ivy. Poison Ivy is a computer virus that started showing up in the year 2006. When it attacks the computer, it makes firefox.exe to appear in the task manager without the consent of the user. According to experts, the factor that leads to this behavior is a malicious Trojan which is based on Poison Ivy.Advertising Looking for research paper on computer science? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is tools which has been used for bypassing a firewall and remotely administer a system. When the tool is in the system, it tends to create up a server kind of a file on the system it is occupying. It alerts a maker of the Trojan of the presence of the system when it is online. When this happens, the maker is given the rights to access, monitor and completely control the system which has been infected. Among the critical information which can be made available to the user is system passwords and usernames, banking information, credit information, and private data which might have been accessed on screen either through typing or just viewing for the instance that the system was infected. The settings for this ‘server’ entail it to infiltrate itself into the browser’s memory of the system which is being targeted. After this, it runs as a duplicate process of the browser thus being able to bypass firewalls installed in the system and router protection. On securing itself safely any other actions go ahead unnoticed (MozillaZine, 2009). This mode of sophistication has been the reason that the virus has been able to go undetected by many antivirus software and also other detectors. In the recent past, the virus has been detected by some common antivirus like nod32, avira, bit defender and others. The worst case about this utility is the way that i t is undergoing constant development and also the fact that it has been able to be developed by the hackers without being noticed. The virus has been said to be spread through emails and also in most instances through online games which mainly attacks through the cheats (Mozillazine, 2009). Some of the symptoms that are evident when a computer has been infected with the virus are automatic loading of fire fox as the default browser ones the systems loads the OS. In the task manager, there are two instances of the web browser though one is open. After closure of the browser, it still persists in the processes. At times, the browser becomes so slow or at times alerts that a certain un-requested port is being accessed, and at times some uncontrolled movement of the mouse which falls in when the hacker has control over the mouse. The virus has quite a lot of impacts to the system. Some of the files get renamed, executed and even deleted. At times the hacker can download files from the s ystem or upload files to the system without notice. The hacker has the capability of viewing and editing the windows registry. He has such powers in the system such that it is possible to view and consequently kill or suspend processes that are currently running in the system. The person gets permission to view and control services in that he can start or stop them. It is possible to view the installed devices and also to disable them. Programs which have been installed in the system can be viewed and uninstalled.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Principles and Practice of Information Security specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Looking at the above possibilities not forgetting the ability to record voice or web footage, it is very dangerous to have the system exposed to this virus. Financially, it is a killer virus. Once the person has been able to access saved passwords and password hashes, the person can simply get the banking information for online bankers and be able to directly interfere with the banking system to such an extent as exhausting someone’s accounts. Access of someone passwords can lead to various other security breaches which can cost companies a lot of money. It is possible to get into the deep secrets of a company and sell the information to enemies or malicious traders who may want to sell back the information or pose the company a risk of exposing it. People can be able to interfere with bankroll details posing more financial drains. From this information on the presence and the capability of the risks that can be posed by poison ivy, it is necessary for all IT personnel to be aware of the dangers that can occur due to some of these risks. The main thing that should be taken into consideration is the way technology is being used as a tool against others. Poison ivy does not just get into the computer through sheer luck or guess work, but it is a tool that has professionally been made to achieve some objectives (MozillaZine, 2009). With this in mind, the management of all companies irrespective of how big or how large need to equip the IT department with constant updates and refresher courses so that they can march with the incoming technologists who are proving to be more equipped with the latest in the books. The question of security should bypass physical security at the door but also should incorporate IT security as a whole. Threat classification for the threat being averted Human made threat → intentional fault → interaction fault → deliberate Data is insecure in a variety of ways which range from storage, transmission and even when in custody of the right people. When the right person has the right information, attackers can easily get it through social engineering processes which makes the companies vulnerable to all kinds of threats. This means that the management should always seek to block all the vuln erabilities so as to minimize the attacks. Apart from sealing the vulnerabilities, which might not be enough, measures should be employed through which data is protected in all means whether during storage or transmission (Dawson and Wong, 2007). In conclusion, security in all areas of IT is under threat and it is upon the relevant authority to be cautious enough of the possible attackers. This paper has focused on security as an issue and deeply looked at the poison ivy virus, what it does and the dangers it poses to users of the internet and intranets. It has winded up with some of the lessons that the people in charge of security should learn as they undergo the duty of securing all the systems (Volonino and Robinson, 2004). References Dawson, E. and Wong, D. (2007). Information security practice and experience: third international conference. New York: Springer.Advertising Looking for research paper on computer science? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More MozillaZine (2009). Firefox.exe always open. Retrieved from: http://kb.mozillazine.org/Firefox.exe_always_open. Volonino, L and Robinson, S (2004). Principles and practice of information security: protecting computers from hackers and lawyers. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. This research paper on Principles and Practice of Information Security was written and submitted by user Light Ostrich to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Making Good Use of SAT Essay Topics

Making Good Use of SAT Essay TopicsIt is possible to make good use of the SAT essay topics and get really high marks if you do them correctly. But you will also need to have a plan, and there are a number of things that you should do to ensure that you do not get it wrong. By the time you get to the end of this article, you will have a basic idea of what you need to do, and a pretty good plan for doing it correctly.One of the first things that you will need to do when you are doing your SAT essay topics is to write an outline. The outline will give you a reference point for all of the topics that you will be writing about, and you will find that it will help you be able to set a theme for each topic that you will be covering.As well as outlining the subject matter for your essay topics, it is also a good idea to write down all of the key terms that you will be using throughout the essay. By writing down the key terms as you need them, you will be able to keep them all in mind as you are writing each section of the essay.The next thing that you will need to do when you are doing your SAT essay topics is to define the style of writing that you will be using. You will want to write the essay as if you were giving a speech, and this means that you will be making a speech. By defining your style, you will know exactly what you are going to be writing about, and you will be able to make sure that you can make it flow smoothly from one section to the next.The next thing that you will need to do when you are doing your SAT essay topics is to set a time limit on yourself. You need to set a time limit on yourself so that you will be able to stick to the outline and to get everything else completed in time. Of course, there will be times when you will get stuck, but you should be able to find ways to keep going, and you should be able to find a way to finish the essay before the deadline.It is a good idea to always have a stopwatch that you can use to determine when you a re going to be done with your essay. You can also use the stopwatch to make sure that you get through your outline without taking too much time. If you are going to do the topic yourself, then you should check the clock to make sure that you get the outline finished before the deadline.Finally, when you are doing your SAT essay topics, you should be prepared to revise them as necessary. When you are working on the topics, you should be able to adjust them to make them more challenging for you. This is a good idea, because you do not want to start a new topic, and then have it end up being too easy for you.By following these steps, you will be able to write well on the SAT essay. And by writing well on the SAT essay, you will be able to get really high marks on it.

Discussion and Examples of Expectation States Theory

Discussion and Examples of Expectation States Theory Expectation states theory is an approach to understanding how people evaluate other people’s competence in small task groups and the amount of credibility and influence they give them as a result. Central to the theory is the idea that we evaluate people based on two criteria. The first criterion is specific skills and abilities that are relevant to the task at hand, such as prior experience or training. The second criterion is composed of status characteristics such as gender, age, race, education, and physical attractiveness, that encourage people to believe that someone will be superior to others, even though those characteristics play no role in the work of the group. Overview of Expectation States Theory Expectation states theory was developed by American sociologist and social psychologist Joseph Berger, along with his colleagues, in the early 1970s. Based on social psychological experiments, Berger and his colleagues first published a paper on the topic in 1972 in the American Sociological Review, titled Status Characteristics and Social Interaction. Their theory offers an explanation for why social hierarchies emerge in small, task-oriented groups. According to the theory, both known information and implicit assumptions based on certain characteristics lead to a person developing an assessment of anothers abilities, skills, and value. When this combination is favorable, we will have a positive view of their ability to contribute to the task at hand. When the combination is less than favorable or poor, we will have a negative view of their ability to contribute. Within a group setting, this results in a hierarchy forming in which some are seen as more valuable and important than others. The higher or lower a person is on the hierarchy, the higher or lower his or her level of esteem and influence within the group will be. Berger and his colleagues theorized that while an assessment of relevant experience and expertise is a part of this process, in the end, the formation of a hierarchy within the group is most strongly influenced by the effect of social cues on the assumptions that we make about others. The assumptions we make about people - especially who we dont know very well or with whom we have limited experience - are largely based on social cues that are often guided by stereotypes of race, gender, age, class, and looks. Because this happens, people who are already privileged in society in terms of social status end up being favorably assessed within small groups, and those who experience disadvantages due to these characteristics will be negatively assessed. Of course, its not just visual cues that shape this process, but also how we comport ourselves, speak, and interact with others. In other words, what sociologists call cultural capital makes some appear more valuable and others less so. Why Expectation States Theory Matters Sociologist Cecilia Ridgeway has pointed out in a paper titled Why Status Matters for Inequality  that as these trends perpetuate over time, they lead to certain groups having  more influence and power than others. This makes members of higher status groups appear to be right and worthy of trust, which encourages those in lower status groups and people in general to trust them and to go along with their way of doing things. What this means is that social status hierarchies, and the inequalities of race, class, gender, age, and others that go along with them, are fostered and perpetuated by what happens in small group interactions. This theory seems to bear out in the wealth and income disparities between white people and people of color, and between men and women, and would seem to correlate with both women and people of color reporting that they are frequently presumed incompetent or presumed to occupy positions of employment and status lower than they actually do. Updated by Nicki Lisa Cole, Ph.D.

Business overview of jollibee foods corporation

Business overview of jollibee foods corporation Jollibee Foods Corporation engages in the development, operation and franchising of Quick Service Restaurants (QSR). Other activities of the Group include the lease of real estate properties. The franchising segment is involved in the franchising of the Group’s QSR store concepts. The real estate segment leases store sites mainly to the Group’s independent franchisees. Jollibee is a phenomenal success story of a business. It began as a two-branch ice-cream parlour in 1975 offering hot meals and sandwiches and became incorporated in 1978 and signify the birth of the revolutionised fast- food in the Philippines and it was the first fast food chain to break the 1 billion pesos sales mark in 1989 as well as the first food service company to be listed in the Philippine Stock Exchange in 1993. When it comes to Filipinos, there will only be one kind of fast food restaurant that Filipinos cannot and will not trade for, and that is the Jollibee Philippine. The company provides the most mouth-watering fast-food foods. Jollibee did not start on selling hamburgers or chickens but was first started as an ice cream parlour at Cubao in 1975 by Tony Tan Caktiong with â€Å"Jolibe† as the original name selling ice-cream rather than burgers. The two original products of the company were named as â€Å"Yumburger† and â€Å"Chickenjoy†.   Jollibee’s phenomenal growth owes much to its strict and committed adherence to high standards and organisational objectives as symbolized by â€Å"F.S.C.†: Food- everything served to the public must meet the company’s excellence standards or it will not be served at all. Service- must be fast and courteous Cleanliness- from kitchen to utensils must always be maintained. POSITIONING Jollibee dedicated its continuous success to the Filipinos who have been there from the very start. Jollibee is so well-loved every time a new store opens, especially overseas. It is a stronghold of heritage a nd monument of Filipino victory. The company has an American-style fast-food chain with Filipino-influenced dishes specialising in burgers, spaghetti, chicken and some local Filipino dishes. In the Philippines, Jollibee serves Coca-Cola products for its beverages; in overseas markets, the chain serves Pepsi products. It’s kind of a Filipino version of McDonald’s. It may be a little different for Americans or Europeans who are use to the McDonald’s hamburger meal. The beef tastes a lot different at Jollibee. Jollibee Foods Corporation is not a household name when it comes to the global market. But in the Philippines, it’s the king of the burger market. One industry analyst said â€Å"if McDonald’s is the Goliath of fast food, Jollibee is its Filipino David.† Although Jollibee is much smaller than other fast-food companies in global terms, Jollibee concentrates most of its limited resources within the Philippines.   But its primary advantage comes from simply doing a better job of giving Filipino consumers what they want.   Ã‚   To be in the position in the market JFC undertake several marketing activities to hold their market share. It will be shown on the following figures. Figure 1: JFC’s Traditional Media

Entrepreneur - Mark Constantine and Their Company Strategy - Lush Assignment

Entrepreneur - Mark Constantine and Their Company Strategy - Lush Company - Assignment Example According to the paper, they established a strong business relationship with Anita, which enabled them to supply most of their products to Anita’s shop. The business developed very first and other founders were incorporated to the business such as Rowena Bird, Helen Ambrosen, Paul Greaves and Karl Bygrave joined the team to make the company a success. The headquarters of the company are locate in Poole, England. There were various beliefs and values that inspired the start of the company, they believed in the manufacture of fresh handmade products from natural ingredients and vital oils for personal care. Today the company has more than 650 stores across the globe with mail order services in 12 countries. The products in the company are made by hand and does its own distribution to its own retail stores. The company is associated withthe sale of cosmetic products and other innovative related product such as shampoo bars, bath ballistics and bubble bar slices. The main products though include, shower products, face and beauty products, bath products, hair products, body lotion and perfume. Innovation standards are very high in Lush Company and aspects such as differentiation, environmentally-friendly packaging and use of fresh ingredient are used to enhance their theme of innovation. Vegetables and fresh fruits are used in the manufacture of these products, which depending with the producer artisanal look and color are impeded to the product. They encourage that packaging is done with recyclable materials as a form of ethic. Lush company can be described as a company that deals with introduction of improved or new goods or services.Mission of the of the company can be described as the core strategy of the company, other core strategies include the scope of the products.

Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Security - Essay Example It is also reflective of how law, crime and morality are perceived by members of the society. The security practices of removing concealments from the sidewalks to protect people who travelled the highways from being attacked by robbers could not work alone. Other attempts to deal with crime at the local level proved futile and so night watches and patrols which were established privately was the means of protection for citizens. Fischer et al (2008) indicate that under the feudal system the society was controlled by kings and feudal barons and so a high level of security was available for both individuals and groups. However, judicial reforms led to the separation of courts and the exercise of the rule of law from the power of the king. Every district was then made accountable for crimes committed within its boundaries and all strangers were required to report to the magistrates on entering a district. Attempts to control crime and other vices were not successful and this also led to the establishment of private night watches and patrols. Steenkamp (2002) indicates that Armed robberies of merchants and other groups such as clergymen and nobles who often carried money and other valuables became commonplace during the period. The safety of those who were affected could only be guaranteed by hiring private security. Six and Kowalski (n.d.) defines risk as the possibility of the occurrence of a harmful or undesirable event. This consists of events including harm, injury or abuse to individuals or groups of people. Risk management is a procedure aimed at protecting individuals or a group of people. Amanda D’Costa (2011) introduced six steps in a risk management program. They are: As a first step risks need to be identified before they can be dealt with. Once they are identified they should be registered so that all parties concerned will have an idea of the risk factors. In

Impact of technology :: essays research papers

Impact of Technology & Ethical Decision Making The decision making process will always present ethical challenges to managers. Is this the right thing to do? This question is the center of the ethical dilemma for any one who is a decision maker in corporations through out the world. A collection of many factors will be taken in consideration in answering to this question. Is it right for the company? Is it right for me? There are many ways to approach the ethical subject, and different ethical values may and can come from different approaches like in the way a decision can be evaluated is dependent on the values and interests of the person or group of people evaluating that decision. For example some stakeholders in some companies will not care that much if the decision was made based on ethical values counting it generated the results they expected. This is where the risk lies, because the decision maker will also have this mind when deciding about the subject, depending on how much he or she may over look some ethical issues in lieu that a good outcome or good earnings can come through. The ground rules about which a decision maker will care are highly dependent on the moral approach. The decision maker may use a self interest or material approach and decision that will be directed towards his or her own benefit these decisions can sometimes cause good results for the company even if the decision maker has only the self- interest in mind. It is not rare that a manager will make decisions using this approach. A different approach may be used and decision happens based on the actual number of people benefited by it. Usually this utilitarian approach takes into consideration the consequences of a decision as a method for evaluating it is morality.