Example Narrative Report free essay sample

Unlawful electioneering 2. Unlawful intervention of employees in the civil service or members of the Armed Forces of the Philippines or any police force| 1. oliciting votes or undertaking propaganda  done on the  day of registration  and  on the day of elections  for or against any candidate or political party within the polling place and within a radius of 30 meters2. Employees in the civil service or members of the Armed Forces of the Philippines or any police force unlawfully intervene the electoral processHere, you base the essential requisites / elements on the â€Å"FOR FURTHER READINGS† selection I enclosed| You write here your personal observations. LIMIT YOUR COMPOSITIONS INTO FIVE (5) SIMPLE OR COMPOUND SENTENCES ONLYMaintain briefness, conciseness, parallelismThis is a sample format only For LENTE: lahi inyong ipass sa akoa, lahi pd ang ipass sa LENTE NO NEED TO WRITE â€Å"I OBSERVE†. Be direct to the point| You write here what are your suggestions to improve the electoral process. We will write a custom essay sample on Example Narrative Report or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page | Casting of votes 1. Illegal voting 2. Vote buying 3. Vote selling 4. Undue influence 5. Conspiracy to bribe voters 6. Preparation of ballot of one that’s not illiterate/disabled 7. Unlawful entry in polling places| | | | FORMAT YOUR NARRATIVE REPORT COMPRISES 50% OF YOUR FINAL EXAMINATION. PAPERS WILL NOT BE ACCEPTED IF YOU DO NOT FOLLOW INSTRUCTIONS The first page is only a sample. You may or may not follow the sequencing of election offenses subject to the offenses you observed were committed during the Election Day. PAPER: size:8. 5† x 13† or long bond paper orientation:Landscape margin:Top, Bottom, Right, Left 1† ages:maximum of 1 page for the content and 1 page for the documentation FONT:size: 12 (generalize) EXCEPTIONS: 10 font size if the contents are too long or needs to be resize. style:Century Gothic SPACE:line spacing: single space before:0 after: 0 CHARACTER:paragraph composition MUST NOT BE IN ALL CAPITALS (observe correct punctuation, composition, etc) FOR FURTHER READINGS From registration of voters to the canvassing of ballots, here are common offenses we sho uld watch out: Registration of voters Unlawful exclusion of registered voters or inclusion of fictitious voters or unapproved application forms (Dagdag-Bawas) * Annulment of Book of Voters when prepared thru  fraud, bribery, impersonation, intimidation  or contains data that are  statistically improbable NOTE: Ruling or decision annulling the Book of Voters must be implemented  within 90 days before an election SANCTION:  Imprisonment of not less than 1 year but not more than 6 years, not subject to probation, plus disqualification to hold public office and deprivation of the right of suffrage Election campaign Unlawful electioneering like  soliciting votes or undertaking propaganda  done (1) on the  day of registration  and  on the day of elections  for or against any candidate or political party, (2)  within the polling place and within a radius of 30 meters * Unlawful intervention of employees in the civil service or members of the Armed Forces of the Phil ippines or any police force SANCTION:  Imprisonment of  not less than 1 year but not more than 6 years, not subject to probation, plus disqualification to hold public office and deprivation of the right of suffrage Casting of votes Illegal voting (any person voting more than once in the same election or voting even if not registered) * Vote buying (forcing to vote for or against a candidate in exchange of money, employment or grants) * Vote selling (soliciting or receiving any expenditure or promise to vote for or against a candidate) * Undue influence (similar to vote selling or buying but addressing the public) * Conspiracy to bribe voters (two or more people agreeing to commit vote buying or selling) * Preparation of ballot of one that’s not illiterate/disabled * Unlawful entry in polling places RULE:  It’s unlawful for members of the AFP, PNP, Barangay Council and other peace officers to enter any polling place and stay within 50 meter radius except (1) they will vote but must immediately leave after; (2) actual disturbance of peace and order; (3) Board of Election Inspectors requests (in writing) for protection of election documents * Coercion, threats, fraud, intimidation, terrorism Arrest or interference of a voter including (1) detaining without lawful cause; (2) preventing him from going to the polling place or going home after the casting his vote; (3) compelling him to reveal how he voted SANCTION:  Imprisonment of  not less than 1 year but not more than 6 years, not subject to probation, plus disqualification to hold public office and deprivation of the right of suffrage Electoral Sabotage Tampering, increasing or decreasing the votes received by a candidate or any member of the board refusing to credit the correct votes or deduct tampered votes * If said acts are perpetrated on a large scale or in substantial numbers (exceeding 5,000 votes) and in any and all cases where the total votes exceed 10,000 SANCTION:  All individuals determined to be in conspiracy with the members of the BEI or BOC involved shall be meted the same penalty of  life imprisonment Here are punishable acts under the law, whether or not they affect the electoral process or results: Automated Election System Unauthorized use, tampering, damaging and stealing of official ballots, election returns and certificates of canvass of votes, and electronic devices * Interfering with the installation or use of counting devices and the processing and transmission of results * Gaining access to disclosing any computer data or destroying any computer-related devices * Refusal of the citizens’ arm to present its copy of election return to the BOC * Presentation of tampered election returns Refusal or failure to provide majority and minority parties or the cit izen’s arm their copy of election returns * Failure to post the voters’ list within the specified time, duration and in the designated location SANCTION:  Imprisonment of  8 years and 1 day to 12 years, without possibility of parole, perpetual disqualification to hold public (even non-elective) office and deprivation of the right of suffrage Board of Election Inspectors * Refusal to sign and certify election forms without unjustifiable reason * Prohibition of political activity except to vote * Relieving or changing the assignment without authority of the Commission * Ineligible persons appointing and being appointed into the BEI or BOC * Refusal to issue   accredited watchers the Certificate of Votes * Issuance of the Certificate of Votes by the BEI

The eNotes Blog Take Note! 6 Tips to Enhance Your Notes for SuccessfulStudying

Take Note! 6 Tips to Enhance Your Notes for SuccessfulStudying Notes are a great way to stay engaged with material in class, whether it’s presented in a lecture or a discussion-style format. Not all notes are created equal, however- some strategies in particular can maximize the quality and effectiveness of your notes. Consider these six tips to enhance your notes this school year. 1. Use simple, personal shorthand The great thing about notes is that no one else is looking over your shoulder to review them; the only person they need to make sense to is you! You can use any shorthand you like, which in turn makes note-taking in class more streamlined: you’ll spend less time actually writing and have more energy to comprehend the information and engage with it in the class. Shorten words that you use often, like because and therefore. Prioritize writing keywords, and compose sentences that are as short as possible. You can even create symbols (asterisks, round or square bullet points, other punctuation marks, etc.) that indicate questions you have, keywords to remember, or definitions to look up later. 2. Outline Outlining material as you hear it is an excellent way to organize information you’ll need to know for a test. Like a traditional outline, use numbers and letters to create a hierarchy of information, which allows your mind to group particular ideas and concepts together. You might also consider the Cornell System, which divides the paper into three sections: the largest section is for traditional notes, a skinny column is next to it for writing â€Å"cues† or questions you have about notes, and a two- to three-sentence summary of all the information can sit at the bottom. Any of these methods can improve the structure of your notes and help you process the material more efficiently. 3. Mind map Try mind mapping for a change of pace in your notes. Think of a mind map as a graphic organizer, like the kind you made in elementary school. Not only great for visual learners, mind mapping can help any student make stronger connections between ideas and concepts. In this method, you’ll write an idea on your page and then draw a series of branches connected to the idea. Details can be recorded on smaller branches, which can then be connected to other larger ideas. As a related idea, try drawing pictures and/or diagrams to signify concepts that would be more complicated to write out. 4. Color code Using colored pencils, pens, or highlighters is a method that can help you differentiate between various ideas. The visual difference in color can help you process information, and it can also be more fun. Choose your favorite colors, establish a system, and go to town! 5. Go digital If allowed in your class, consider bringing a laptop or tablet to switch things up and take notes by typing them out. There are also apps specifically designated for note-taking that can change how you take and organize notes. Some students find these digital methods quicker and less time consuming. Be careful, however, as you may be tempted to write more than you need since typing is so much faster; remember to stick to key concepts and prioritize efficiency as you take notes. 6. Review and/or rewrite After a class of note-taking, review what you wrote as soon as possible (within 24 hours if you can). This can help you clarify confusing shorthand or messy handwriting that you may not be able to understand later. Fill in missing details from your textbook, and/or ask a classmate or the professor about a concept you didn’t quite comprehend. Consider rewriting or retyping your notes; this is an excellent way to re-cement information into your brain as you head toward a test! Try different strategies until you find one that works for you, and if you like variety, consider switching up methods every now and then to keep your mind fresh. Keep in mind that regardless of the style you use, you’ll want the notes to reflect how you personally think and process information. Stay to true to your learning and thinking style, and you’ll stay on the right track! This is a guest post from Lisa Low. Lisa is a contributing writer for Varsity Tutors, a live learning platform that connects students with personalized instruction to accelerate academic achievement.

Financial Assistance for a Struggling Student Essay

Financial Assistance for a Struggling Student - Essay Example It is a part of the five year plan to cut $39.7 billion in total from the $71.5 billion student-aid programs. The first impact of the bill being applicable from 1st July, a student borrowing loan after 1st July will be offered rates of 6.8 percent compared to 1.5-2.5 percent rates they enjoyed and have raised questions among the students such as, " Who is responsible" , "How I am going to pay these loans", "Why me" etc. Teneya Morman a junior majoring in MARKETING from N. C. Central when interview said, "I'm a junior in school but after my senior year my education will be more expensive because of the changes in the financial arena. I may not be able to attend. This change will be negative because it will make students not focus on their grades but on money that has to be paid back for my education. It will have a negative affect on the black community because we are the people who don't have the funds to pay." Another graduate student in Computer Information Systems Donnell Williams says, "Graduate school is a sacrifice for many students. They have to be willing to either foot the bill or work hard to secure financial resources. In other words, it is really unfortunate as graduate school becomes more of a gateway to satisfiable employment and career options, now this is another obstacle."

Prostitution Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Prostitution - Research Paper Example Most people begin masturbation at a tender age as they explore their changing bodies. At first they may not have sexual fantasies, but at the onset of adolescence the feelings become more sexual. Secondly, Psychologists believe that children begin to discover their sexuality in their phallic stage. This is a stage characterized by putting fingers in their mouth, anus and more so touching their genitals. This explains why the behavior is common in children and teens. Thirdly sexual feelings are instinctive and they just set in due to the pornographic nature of humans. For instance, a child will want to know where they came from by posing questions that are aimed at making discoveries or just out of curiosity. This eagerness is only met when a reliable answer is given. Most common reasons people masturbate are to relieve tensions of sexual feelings, to achieve sexual pleasure, have sexual satisfaction when partners are not available and also to relax their mind. In fact, most people th ink that it is only meant for those without sexual partners, but even people with regular sex partners are equally involved in the act. The behavior is shaped by body hormones responsible for sexual arousal and the higher the release the frequent the desire (Publishing)There are proven facts about benefits of masturbation most of which are believed to be healthy sex life, safe and totally harmless. In this project, I critically seek to examine these facts and see why this behavior is wide spread in social framework. According to (John, Mulhall and Incrocci) it is found that men who masturbate more than five times a week have a third less likelihood to develop prostate cancer. This is because disease causing toxins may not build up in the urogenital tract as they get flushed out of the system. It makes one release hormone of wellbeing like dopamine and oxytocin that lifts spirits, activates the reward circuit of the brain and promotes satisfaction. In fact a brain scan of someone hav ing orgasm is similar to that of a heroin addict due to the non-drug blast effect of dopamine. It is truly a safer form of sex that has no risk of sexually transmissible infections or unplanned pregnancies. In this regard, it helps those without partners to relieve their sexual tension by themselves and explore their sexuality in their best way. It contributes to strengthened immune system due to increased release of hormone cortisol following ejaculation. This hormone helps to regulate and maintain immunity in small doses. Other medical beneficial facts associated with masturbation include: release of tension and stress, sperm donation and treatment for sexual dysfunction. On the contrary, there are often many stereo types associated with this act. In some communities it is seen as a big abomination, ungodly and a selfish avenue for self-sexual satisfaction. The following are the major facts against it. Most people who indulge in this behavior have a feeling of guilt later after do ing it because they believe it is bad. Most of those feeling were inflicted by religion and traditional taboos. It is also true that this is the least talked about topic and doing it means to be haunted by guilt. Like any other form of indulgence, masturbation can grow to uncontrollable excessive levels. At this stage it becomes chronic and a habit that is difficult to break

Voices of Youth Violence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Voices of Youth Violence - Essay Example The youth are a very vulnerable group in the society and should always be handled with care. Not that they are delicate but they are an easy target when it comes to danger. The rules of engagement for a changed society that is ready to adopt t new way of doings things should be founded on honesty and respect as suggested by therapist Pipher. Understanding the rules of engagement, such as tone in arguments of the youth, would be much easier to solve their issues and come up with a more organized society when it comes to decision making processes. The youth deserve respect, and need to be heard when airing their voices about violence or for how long shall they cry go unanswered? Their decision making process is compromised and any attack which will be launched on them despite of type will for sure compromise their activities. The Dalai Lama posits that â€Å"The purpose of life is to be happy and to make others happy. From a keen perspective, these words and more so Harvey’s statement from his book do carry a natural and much more attention to the platitudes of politicians that motivates one to realize that such cases which lead to the death of young people in the society are generated and instigated by a certain group of people which in one way or the other, leave an indelible mark on people’s psyche.

Shylock ways of Expressing Conflicts

Shylock ways of Expressing Conflicts The Merchant of Venice has an Italian setting and marriage plot; this is very typical of Shakespeare whose love for Italy is evident in most of his play. In Merchant of Venice Shakespeares remarkable rogue Shylock raises this play to a new level. The play was written in 1598 and reflects religious activities in the 16th century. This play defines two main settings, Venice, a city of trade where many businessmen are located, a place filled with unfortunate and unpleasant individuals; the other setting is Belmont, a city where rich, happy and stylish society of beautiful people is housed. Belmont is an enchanted world occupied with love, music and happiness. In Act 1 Scene 3, the audience expects Antonio and Shylock to immediately odium each other before they meet in the play. This is because in the Elizabethan era Jews were commonly disliked by Christian nations throughout the 16th century, as Christians believed that in biblical history Jews were the people that killed Jesus Christ (Christian messiah). Jews suffered harsh persecution over the centuries, including torture, loss of property, and forced conversion to Christianity. England expelled all Jews about 300 years earlier to William Shakespeares time, much of what remained of them were tales filled with anti-Semitic response ranging from exaggeration to complete lies, which portrayed them as vile, evil and despicable. Jews in Elizabethan times were not viewed as citizens. Instead, they were viewed as outsiders, and were often banned from many occupations because of their religion. This helped the audience understand the conflict that exists between Shylock and Antonio. Jews were l eft with few means of earning a living as only Christians could belong to professional relations as well as own land . Christians, however, could not lend money with interest, and many Jews earned a profitable living as usurers. We know Shylock is a Jew since the narration specifies that hes a Jew Enter Bassanio with Shylock the Jew. Shakespeare puts an emphasis on Shylock the Jew since he doesnt state the religion of the other characters. The audience are introduced to Shylock as a greedy man because the first thing he said was about money Three thousand ducats, well. Shylock describes Antonio as a good man, even though some people might think it means Antonio is kind and generous but to Shylock this means that Antonio has enough money to repay him. It is made clear from the way Shylock is introduced that he is hatching a cunning plan from the start because Shakespeare specifies that Shylock is a Jew but for the other characters he doesnt state their religion. The audience begin to think Shylock is devious and has something up his sleeves. and then there is the perils of the waters, winds and rocks. The man is notwithstanding sufficient. I think I might take this bond. Even though Shylock knows that Antonios ships will be destroyed (all Antonios money is invested in his ships) he still goes ahead to lend him the money. Bassanio invites Shylock to dine with them If it please you to dine with me, Shylock denies saying I will buy with you, sell with you, talk with you, walk with you, and so following but I will not eat with you, drink with you, nor pray with you. This indicates that even though Shylock will do business with Antonio and Bassanio he will not eat, drink or pray with the. It also shows the religious differences that set Shylock apart from the Christian Venetians. Shakespeare presents Shylock this way so that the audiences hatred would be focused in the direction of Shylock. Shakespeare, while describing the Jewish moneylender Shylock according to stereotypes, fills Shylock with humanity and produces sympathy for the troubles of the Jews. On the other hand, an Elizabethan audience wont show sympathy towards Shylock as they are anti-Semitic to Jews. Just before Shylock speaks to Antonio, he lets the audience know in aside that he hates Antonio I hate him for he is a Christian. This phrase said by Shylock is based on the beliefs of other Jews on other Christians; it helps the audience to know the conflict that exists between Shylock and Antonio. The phrase also shows how stereotypical Shylock is since he doesnt really know Antonio, but because Shylock has heard of Jew-hating Christians he thinks that he too should hate Christians since all of them hate Jews. Shylock distastes Antonio because he lends out money gratis free of interest, so reducing the interest rates for people who make live as moneylenders such as Shylock and for having disgraced him in public by spitting on him and calling him names such as dog and cutthroat Jew. For humiliation as well as the persecution that the Jews have long suffered at the hands of the Christians, Shylock tells the audience that he hopes to exact vengeance on Antonio. If I can catch him once upon the hip, I will feed fat the ancient grudge I bear him.He hates our sacred nation . . . Cursd be my tribe if I forgive him! Shylock reveals to the audience that hes prejudice against Christians and he also explains to the audience how Shylock himself has experienced anti-Semitic discrimination. Both Shylock and Antonios ideas are connected around the ideas of business. Antonio the Christian believes that usury is wrong so should not be practiced, whereas Shylock the Jew who is forbidden to try any other profession decided to use usury (lending money for interest) as a way to make a living and identify themselves in the Venetian society. If I forgive him!Shylocks quote in Act 1 Scene 3 line 36-47 tells the audience that Shylock is as concerned with money as religion, and possibly even more so. Shylock uses his money to get back at Antonio so he can feed his personal grudge against him. He views the lending as an opportunity to stick it to Christians for all the troubles and sufferings they have caused the Jews. The money lending is a battle between the two men as well as their religions. Shylock and Antonio can be considered substitute for their religious issues. But money is their way of throwing in personal accusations while fighting the religious fight. Shylock is told by Antonio that normally he wouldnt take part in a deal involving interest but because his friend is in need of the money he will break his custom. Their greeting has made an ironic suggestion to the audience, which was Shylocks hateful opinion towards Antonio I hate him for he is a Christian. Shylock decides to loan Bassanio the money he needs. Shylock recites the Biblical story of Jacob to defend his practice of charging interest. Shylock shows the personal and religious differences between his religion and Christianity by reciting the Book of Genesis. As it is unnatural to gain/make money from money Christians believe usury is dissolute. But Shylocks defends his use of usury by interpreting and stating the Bible saying that him charging interest for the money he lends is not very different from Jacobs breeding of the animals in the bible. Jacobs breeding by the Christian law is believed to be natural. The Hebrew will turn Christian; he grows kind. As Antonio thinks that Jews arent kind and cant be kind unless theyre Christians. He witnesses Shylock, the Hebrew, become kind by lending him money and so believes thats impossible. Since Shylock is being generous by lending Antonio money, Antonio takes it as Shylock being Christianised as hes being nice. This quotation tells the audience how Antonio considers his religion superior to Judaism. The previous quotation I hate him for he is Christian illustrated how Shylock was stereotypical about Christians. There are similar beliefs in the religions of both characters. The exchange in words between Shylock and Antonio prepares the audience for what is going to happen next. Antonio has publicly abused Shylock many times on different occasions and even spat on upon Shylocks clothing spit upon my Jewish gabardine Shylocks asks Antonio why he should lend him money as he would a friend when all he has done nothing but insult and humiliate him. Angry with fury Antonio insults Shylock again. Shylock doesnt want to pretend he is friends with Antonio so he says If thou wilt lend this money, lend it not as to thy friends But lend it rather to thine enemy. Shylock then unexpectedly suggests an unusual deal. He informs Antonio that this time he will lend money without charging interest. Nevertheless, Shylock will be allowed to cut off one pound of Antonios flesh from any part of his body if Antonio is unable to pay Shylock. The bond Shylock makes is a very confusing and unexpected one so it makes it complicated for the audience to understand his reason(s) for suggesting such a bond. Shylock is adopting the Christians stated business and directing them towards an a trocious end by trading flesh instead of making money breed by usury; this mocks the principles of Christianity. Antonio is told by Shylock that he wants to be companions with him and will settle the bond for a pound of flesh as a merry sport. Antonio agrees Yes Shylock, I will seal unto this bond to Shylocks bond despite Bassanios nervousness You shall not seal to such a bond for me about binding his friend to such a dangerous bond. Bassanio shows some sense of right and wrong about putting his greed before his friend, for the first time as he realises that by being greedy he has caused his friend to agree to put a price on his pound of flesh, this leads Antonio right into Shylocks trap. By signing the contract Antonio agrees to be bond. Act 1 Scene 3 is an important scene because it completes the description of the two different and main plot lines of the play: Antonio agreeing to Shylocks bond which is the three thousand ducats Antonio wants to lend for the pound of flesh that Shylock wants instead of charging Antonio interest; and second, and more dramatically, this scene introduces Shylock the Jew. In this scene, Shakespeare gives as an insight to why and how Shylock seems to be the most powerful character in the play. Even though Shylock and Antonio both have different manners and capabilities both characters are successful businessmen in Venice. When Antonio is asking Shylock for the loan he says, Within these two months, thats a month before this bond expires, I do expect, return of thrice times the value of this bond.. Shylock being a selfish businessman asks for three times the value of the loan. Antonio being a risk taker lends his good name to Bassanio to woo Portia. Antonio thinks things will be always go right for him, his business and his success will endure, this is revealed when he accepts a dangerous bond and the high interest rate if the money isnt received. Shylock is a wicked man who wants a pound of Antonios flesh if his money is not paid back, whereas, Antonio is prepared to risk his life for his friend who happens to be in love with the wealthy, intelligent and beautiful Portia- Antonios sacrifice for his friend shows how different he is from Shylock. The Jewish old testaments states an eye for an eye which means that if someone wrongs you, seek revenge, on the other hand the Christians New Testament gives us Jesus message of peace, love and forgiveness forgive and forget. The play shows how Christians and Jews used to treat each in the 16th century. We dont deal with the same issues like greed, prejudice, hatred and revenge Jews and Christians showed towards each other because in todays society everyone is equal. I feel that the scene is a very complicated scene as it explains how Christians and Jews acted towards each other in Shakespearean time as well as how Shylock tricked Antonio into accepting a dangerous bond. I feel that both views of Jews and Christians are wrong since Im sure not all Jews and Christians acted how Antonio and Shylock did in Shakespeare time. I think the play is somewhat related to the persecution of Jews in World War as well as the killings of the genocide. Even though Shylock was represented as such an extremist by Elizabethan audience/Shakespeare, he wouldnt be represented as such by a modern audience.

Essay --

Gerard Manley Hopkins, born in 1844 and who is an optimist, is also one of the greatest poets of the Victorian Era (Academy of American Poets). There's also William Wordsworth born in 1770 is another optimist and another great poet, but of the Romantic Era (Harriet Monroe). Both of these poets from two separate time periods have the same idea of society and the human population in general. Materialism is a trait that can torment both the rich and the poor and is described as both culturally destructive and very much self destructive (George Monbiot). In both poem of â€Å"God's Grandeur† by Gerard Manley Hopkins and â€Å"The World is too Much with Us† by William Wordsworth, both of these poems have similar ideas of expressing their opinions of the advancement of technology and the growth of complexed architecture. In Hopkins' piece of work, he puts together a lyrical poem that's filled with alliteration in order to make his phrases more memorable and melodious (Skylar H. Burris). An example may be â€Å"It will flame out, like shining from shook foil† (Hopkins line 2). The diction of the words â€Å"flame,† â€Å"shining,† and â€Å"shook foil† creates the imagery of warmth and liveliness. On the other hand, â€Å"grandeur† is a word used to describe magnificent and impressive (Brian Wasko), but in Hopkins' poem, he describes the â€Å"grandeur† as wearing out or is becoming thin. Hopkins message to his readers is that by people rejecting the power of God, people are also attracting negative situations into their lives. ... ...stent when it comes to the topic of God. In other words, Hopkins tends to shove religion down people's throats while Wordsworth only mentions God once in line 9, while the rest is about the departure of human and nature. In conclusion, Hopkins and Wordsworth both consider that people are beginning to get too caught up in material matters to admire nature because without nature, people wouldn't have any of the objects they would have. As a matter of fact, their would be no life, but only darkness just as Hopkins described. Hopkins and Wordsworth would both agree on the matter that humanity was and is loosing touch with nature. If they were both upset with how their society was back in their time, then they would have been terror-stricken.

Domino’s Pizza Business Environment

Content: TASK 1 – a – various types of organisations – pag. 3 – 6 – introduction Domino's Pizza – pag. 7 – mission goals and strategic objectives – pag. 8 – compare Domino's Pizza and Pizza Hut – pag. 9 TASK 1 – b – stakeholder influence – pag. 10 TASK 2 – a – the nature of UK economic system – pag. 11 TASK 2 – b – how government manage UK economy – pag. 11 – fiscal and monetary policies – pag. 11 – 12 TASK 2 – c – competition policy and regulatory mechanism in UK – pag. 12 TASK 3 – a – market structure of Domino's Pizza – pag. 13 TASK 3 – b – market influence in Domino's Pizza – pag. 4 – 15 TASK 3 – c – cultural environment in Domino's Pizza – pag. 15 TASK 4 – a – international market in UK – pag. 16 – TASK 4 †“ b global factors in Domino's pizza – pag. 16 – 17 – impact of EU policies – pag. 18 CONLUSION – pag. 19 REFERENCES – pag. 20 Student ID 11170 page 2 of 20 Assignement Business Environment Feb 2013 TASK 1 a: Examine the various types of organisations and their purposes and compare the mission, goals, and the strategic objectives of your chosen organisation with a similar organisation. The various types of organisations are: Sole traders – is a person who start a business by one individual. Advantage: – Retain all the profit – Maintain full control of the business – Information about sole trader is keep private – Direct contact with customers – The business can be based on the sole trader skills Disadvantages: – Unlimited liability – Difficult to have finance for business – Intense competitions from bigger firms – When the owner dies the business ends too – Partne rships – is then when two or more persons became associate and start a business together. Advantage: – More money for business The partners can have different skills – Shared decision making – Business losses shared between the partners – Partners can replace each other if needed Student ID 11170 page 3 of 20 Assignement Business Environment Feb 2013 Disadvantages – The profit must be share – Unlimited liability – To take a decision must consult all partners – The partnership must be reformed in the event of the death of one partner – Private Limited Companies – is an independent entity that provides limited liability and legal protection for its shareholders. Advantages: –Limited Liability – The business will continue even if one of the owners die – Separate entity – More capital can be raised Disadvantages – Profit must be share – There is a legal procedure to set up the business – Firms are not allowed to sell shares to the public. – Financial information filed with the Registrar can be inspected by any member of the public – Public Limited Companies – is a company that work with stock exchange and its share can be buy or sell from anyone Advantages: – Limited Liability – New shareholders and investors can be easily assimilated –The company has a legal existence separate from management and its members Student ID 11170 page 4 of 20 Assignement Business Environment Feb 2013 – Because of their size a PLC can sometimes dominate the market Disadvantages – Setting up the costs can be very expensive – The firm is open to public inspection – Because of their size they cannot always deal with customers at a personal level – Decisions can be slow because the PLC has many directors – Cooperatives – is an organisation founded and controlled by a group of volunteer users for their benefits. Advantages: –Buying in bulk – Working together to solve problems – Good motivation of all members to work hard for profit Disadvantages – Possibility of conflicts between members – Poor management – Longer decision – making process – Franchises – is an organisation that operates under the brand of another organisation that is already in the market called franchisor. Advantages: – Operate in an already known brand – Support from franchisor ( training, financial) – Can work with franchisor’s existing partners Disadvantages Student ID 11170 page 5 of 20 Assignement Business Environment Feb 2013 Must work from roles already established from franchisor, the franchise has no control of the business – Franchise must to pay franchisor because use their name. – Private Sector and Public Sector Organisations Student ID 11170 page 6 of 20 Assignement Busi ness Environment Feb 2013 DOMINO’S PIZZA – FRANCHISE INTRODUCTION Domino’s pizza was founded in 1960 by Tom Monaghan (www. coversupermarket. com) and his brother. After one year Tom bought him brother’s half became the sole owner. In 1967 Domino’s opened the first franchise in 1978 to have over 200 franchise stores.In 1985 they opened their first store in UK currently reaching over 700 stores. By 2000 coming to have more stores in fallowing countries: Canada, Tokyo, India etc. In 1998, after 38 years of ownership Domino’s pizza sold 93 percent of the company to Bain Capital for $1 billion. In 2004 Domino’s began trading common stock on the Stock Exchange. In 2006 they opened 8000 total stores in international markets. The company is still growing today with more than 9350 stores in more than 60 international markets. In same year they starts its sponsorship of The Simpsons in UK. the Domino's effect. 13 supplement, Estates Gazette, Ju ly 19 2008 Issue) In 1999 Domino’s became the first home delivery company to float in the Alternative Investment Market. In 2000 they introduced hot bags to keep the pizzas hot and crisp during delivery. Domino’s started making pizza and today the current menu is a variety of Italian – American products but pizza stay main product, Domino’s along time bringing many improvements countertop and toppings. The Domino's Pizza Team is hard working, committed to excellence and serious about having fun.There are more than 170,000 team members employed by 600 corporate-owned stores, a system of 5,000+ domestic franchise-owned stores and international franchise base that operates more than 5,000 stores in more than 70 markets around the globe ( www. dominosbiz. com ). Over 21,000 team members work in UK and Irish stores and in a range of support functions ranging from marketing, IT and training. Tom Monaghan bought the business for the amount of $500, now Dominoâ⠂¬â„¢s has already labeled as â€Å"megabrand† because it already reaches a total of $5. 1 billion in terms of global retail sales.This includes $3. 2 billion in domestic sales and $1. 9 billion in international sales. ( www. statupbizhup. com ) Student ID 11170 page 7 of 20 Assignement Business Environment Feb 2013 MISSION, GOALS AND STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES MISSION Their mission is to be the best pizza delivery company on the world. Sale more pizza, have more fun. GOALS When the business started Tom Monaghan, the founder, had an only one goal to open three stores. This goal is achieved even exceeding the expectations Domino’s has turned its attentions to a new goal, namely to make the people to love their pizza.OBJECTIVES – Improve speed and efficiency of pizza making. Improve efficiency and speed in delivery. Lower the costs of pizzas. To improve customer relations. Make more profit. Student ID 11170 page 8 of 20 Assignement Business Environment Feb 2013 COMPARE DOMINO’S PIZZA WITH PIZZA HUT(FRANCHISE) PIZZA HUT MISSION They take pride in making perfect pizza and providing courteous and helpful service on time all the time. ( www. wiki. answers. com ) Every customer says â€Å"I’ll be back! † PIZZA HUT GOAL Their goal is to reach 85% recognition of the new product in their target arket. The most important goal of the company is to increase revenue and profits. PIZZA HUT OBJECTIVES To serve the customer , to provide delicious and hygienic pizza and helpful delivery service. Practice what they preach: integrity, ethics and open communications. While Pizza Hut's mission is to improve products and customer loyalty, Domino's Pizza and motivate their employees saying that selling more pizza then the company will have more profit and employees will be better rewarded for their work as a result will have more money for their personal activities.Pizza Hut's goal is to launch new products and marketing in a more advantageous and profitable growth while Domino's Pizza wants to expand their business by opening as many stores and offering products and services as good that loyalty to his customers. Domino’s Pizza and Pizza Hut are competitors in pizza market and has same market demographic characteristics. Both companies have been able to offer to the customers a good and quality pizza and services. Both companies want to have the best possible promotion of products so that they can maximize their profit and want to cover a larger part of the market.Student ID 11170 page 9 of 20 Assignement Business Environment Feb 2013 TASK 1 b – Explain how stakeholders influence organisational mission and goals and discuss how and to what extend your chosen organisations (responsabilities) meets stakeholder expectations. All stakeholders have a real importance for a company. Each of them is an important part of business. Customers. The customers want that company to provide good products and service customer. For Domino’s customers are real important, they are dependent by customer’s satisfactions and they know that it is important to keep them.Each of satisfied customer bring with him profit. To became one of the most leading pizza delivery Domino’s has made and put the focus on clients feedback regarding improving the quality of products and services carrying many times their survey. Employees. The employees want that company to create a nice place to work and to give them a good training. As well the employees is very important in this company. Without good employees no organization can grow up. Domino’s know their employees work hard every day to provide great food and customer service why invest financial resources in training them. Suppliers.The suppliers want that company to have a good and along collaboration with them and pay them bill on time. Domino’s Pizza has a good relation with suppliers because they are an important factor in a business. Domino’s Pizza is very strict when choosing their suppliers because they are one of the largest volume purchasers off pizza – related product and they need the suppliers to ensure their highest quality product Management. The management want that company grow up and increase profit. Franchisor. The franchisor want that company provide a good work and to keep a good image of brand. Student ID 11170 page 10 of 20Assignement Business Environment Feb 2013 TASK 2 a – Explain the nature of UK economic system and how it affects business organisations such as yours. UK have a free market economy, that means the market economy have a little government control and they can fixed the price without state intervention. At same time is a market where the sellers decide what to sell and the buyers decide what they want to buy and for how much. As for other organisations and Domino’s Pizza is an advantage that they can perform the work in a free market but can also be a disadvantage because in a free market all time are more competitors.Domino’s can set their prices and their activity without been affected from government influence only if the change taxes, instead there are situations where they need to stay flexible with the prices because of competition and they need to spend more money for advertising because in a free market the costumers have many options. TASK 2 b – Discuss how governments manage the national economy briefly and analyse the impact of fiscal and monetary policy on businesses such as your chosen organisation.UK government tries to manage the national economy in the fallowing ways: – keeping a low unemployment rate – keeping a low inflation rate that is as low prices – trying to produce as many goods and services that have a growth economy – by lowering taxes The fiscal policy represents all government imposed taxes and fees to maintain a balance of macroeconomics. Fiscal policy applie s to market goods and services and by increasing or decreasing taxes can have a significant impact to organisations, can rise or lower inflation and unemployment.If the government reduces taxes would be an added advantage for Domino’s Pizza because automatic and demand would increase. If demand increases the organisation can Student ID 11170 page 11 of 20 Assignement Business Environment Feb 2013 have a higher profit and that help to open other stores. When the organisation expands help lower the unemployment rate because new jobs automatically appear. When the government increases taxation the demand decreases and the organisations are discouraged to invest and unemployment increases.When inflation is high has a negative effect on Domino’s Pizza because the organisation is forced to raise the prices and this automatically leads to lower demand and this affected the company’s profit. The monetary policy is intervention of monetary authorities on cash economy. Th e monetary policy have influence on interest rates, exchange rate, money supply. In terms of Domino’s Pizza organisation can be seriously affected by rising interest rates because the firm need to pay more money back to bank or stop the loans witch is a really help in company’s grow up.If the interest rates increase the population can’t take loans as well and this means if the costumers don’t have money the demand decrease and the production is affected as well. Lower interest rates have the opposite effect and the organisation can make more investment because the consumption increase as well. TASK 2 c – Analyse how competition policy and regulatory mechanism work in the UK in relation to your chosen organisation. Competition policy is an organisation that tries to control commercial activity in competition so that some companies do not get to have total power over the market.Competition policy bring the follow benefit for consumer: – consum ers can benefits from products and services at the best prices – to adapt to competition policy, the firm develops researches and bring new innovation Office of Fair Trading (OFT) is the UK's consumer and competition authority. Their mission is to make markets to provide a good work for consumers. OFT do the market research and provides consumers all the necessary information to make sure that they can make the right decisions regarding the products or services that consume.Regarding Domino's Pizza there is no informations revealing that the organisation would have created problems so that OFT intervention to be necessary. Student ID 11170 page 12 of 20 Assignement Business Environment Feb 2013 Task 3 a – Using your chosen company as an example, explain how market structure determines the pricing and production decisions. Domino’s Pizza is part of monopolistic market. The monopolistic competition is a type of imperfect competition. The monopolistic competition h ave fallowing characteristics: – arge number of competitors in market – between prices are small differences – large number of substitutes products – high advertising – is easy to entry or exit because exist just few barriers in this competition The monopolistic market is a market where exits many organisations which provides same products or services but with different characteristics. Same like Domino’s in pizza market exist many pizza delivery organisations but their products are different in taste, bases of ingredients, brand and advertising.In monopolistic competition for Domino’s is hard to decide their prices because they are influenced by competitors witch sell products substitutes. To be able to remain at a high level in this market segment, Domino’s has invested a lot of money in advertising to get customers trust and loyalty. In monopolistic market, Domino’s may not always have the same profit because the pres ence of competition and they always must to make researches to differentiate the products. Student ID 11170 page 13 of 20 Assignement Business Environment Feb 2013 TASK 3 b – Using a range f examples, analyse how market forces influence the organisational response and examine how your organisation would respond. Unlike other companies which have faced difficulties during the recession, Domino’s pizza has managed to keep afloat even increase sales. Although the economy was visible affected Domino’s has invested more money in advertising continues to promote its deals and discounts and, reportedly from 2009, for Domino’s was an advantage that much of the population affected by the recession chose to eat home this led to a sales increase of about 11%.As well if cost increases and Domino’s Pizza offer must increase prices of its products or company profits would be affected. However manages to not have a drop in demand even increase its offering in exc hange quality products and fast delivery order. Another influence comes from the competition because in this domain are many competitors, so Domino's Pizza try various way to remain high: – through more intensive advertising – goods products and customer services – fast delivery All this make the demand increase.Student ID 11170 page 14 of 20 Assignement Business Environment Feb 2013 Another influence have suppliers because if the cost of the milk or wheat increases then the supply increasing as well and Domino's Pizza need to increase the prices and then the demand decreases. TASK 3 c – Discuss the business and cultural environment of your selected organisation and assess to what extend it shapes the behaviour of the organisation. Food is the most culturally sensitive category of consumer goods.For Domino’s richness of diversity in the workplace stimulates the work environment, creativity and innovation, and they became stronger because they use a ll the human resources with different culture. While age consumers change their option for consumed products. Every buyer has their own vision of quality products that wants to consume and this is influenced by lifestyle and the income of each. Domino’s has many shops in many countries with customer who have different tastes they had to adopt their products according to the demand and desires of customers in each country.For example in Korea Domino's sell Potato Pizza which topping include potato, in France domino's sell Saumoneta Pizza with smoked salmon and dill and creme fraiche also they sell Four Cheese pizza. Student ID 11170 page 15 of 20 Assignement Business Environment Feb 2013 TASK 4 a – Discuss how international trade affects the UK business organisation and analyse the impact of global factors on UK business, including your chosen organisation. The international trade is the exchange of goods and services outside the territorial borders.International trade has many advantages but also requires some higher costs than domestic trade. International trade is very important for economic development in general and for individual countries economic development. Like other countries and UK practice international trade because it can not produce all the goods and services they need to be continuously developing. UK import is called when purchasing goods and services produced in another country and when UK sells goods and services to other countries is called export. For Domino's Pizza international trade is opening new opportunities borders.When the organisation can expand by opening new stores the profit is growth but also the competition increase. When competition increases Domino's Pizza must focus on placing the best possible products and services so that its clients do not turn their attention to competitors. This means that Domino's need to invest more time and money in advertising and researches. Another great advantage of international trade is the company access to new products and suppliers which means that international expansion helps to increase production because in international trade a country need to utilize all resources.Globalisation is a business philosophy which believes that the world can became homogeneous. Globalisation has effect on the culture, economic development, environment and political system. Globalisation have fallow drivers: – market drivers – cost drivers – government drivers – competitive drivers Market drivers – degree of homogeneity of customer needs – existence global distribution network – transferable marketing Student ID 11170 page 16 of 20 Assignement Business Environment Feb 2013 Market globalisation drivers bringing homogeneity among customers.Domino's Pizza can provide products to customers in UK from other countries and this influences cultures, taste and lifestyle and can increase demand. Cost drivers – potential for economies of scale – transportation cost – product development cost – economies of scope Globalisation have many advantages in cost drivers because Domino's Pizza UK can supply from another countries with cheaper product with same quality and company can benefit from lower transport prices in globalisation if purchase necessary products in larger quantities. Government drivers – lower taxation compatible technical standards and common marketing regulations – privatisation Government can help Domino's Pizza by lowering import taxes and export taxes. Globally, Domino's can work in countries with less advanced technology with more advanced technology from another countries. Student ID 11170 page 17 of 20 Assignement Business Environment Feb 2013 TASK 4 b – Assess the role and impact of EU policies and directives on the UK businesses using your organisations as an example. The European Union was founded by economic and political union of 27 stat es.The purpose of the European Union is to create a single market, the European market, and to introduce a single currency in the Member States to facilitate commerce and to lower the risk of being affected by exchange rate. By creating a single market in Europe, Domino's Pizza, would have many advantages and few disadvantages. EU first wants to ensure protection of traders that operate within European borders and to introduce a common external tariff to facilitate the exchange of goods and services between Member States.By creating a single market with a common external tariff, for Domino's means new business opportunities, a simple way to have access to new market, increase number of consumer Although, in UK, Domino's working with national currency, if here would introduce the single European currency, Euro, the company would have a number of advantages; – company would not have losses caused by exchange rates that they would be removed – the transition to the single currency would eliminate and some bank fees – there would be no a fluctuation in the prices.EU helps to reduce the unemployment rate in Europe because in most Member States any citizen has the right to live and work in another member states except do some states still retain certain restrictions which include and UK. Student ID 11170 page 18 of 20 Assignement Business Environment Feb 2013 Conclusion My opinion about this course is that now I have more knowledge about what mean business environment. I developed my vision strengths to be considered within organisation and also negative and positive influences of all factors acting on business.I have more knowledge about national and international economic system and how economy can influence the organisations. And after this course I learned which is the best position in market for to have a good business. Student ID 11170 page 19 of 20 Assignement Business Environment Feb 2013 References www. coversupermarket. com. 2012. Domm ino's Pizza. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www. coversupermarket. com/blog/? p=211. [Accessed 15 April 13]. www. dominosbiz. com. 2011. OUR TEAM. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www. dominosbiz. com/Biz-Public-EN/Site+Content/Secondary/Careers/Team/? lang=en_us=json-id=bdec0454534e2ab7f3ed9233e6b9f7ce . [Accessed 14 April 13]. www. startupbizhub. com. com. 2011. Dominos Franchise Cost. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www. startupbizhub. com/dominos-franchise-cost. htm? =en_us=json=653a45ce3c73fa78dfdd910e0a4bda77. [Accessed 15 April 13]. www. wiki. answers. com. 2011. What is the mission statement for Pizza Hut? Franchise Cost . [ONLINE] Available at: http://wiki. answers. com/Q/What_is_the_mission_statement_for_Pizza_Hut? =en_us=json-id=29e880efe554d20d1c63f97638aab27e . [Accessed 15 April 13]. Student ID 11170 page 20 of 20

Ethical and Professional Issues in Psychology Essay Example

Ethical and Professional Issues in Psychology Essay Example Ethical and Professional Issues in Psychology Essay Ethical and Professional Issues in Psychology Essay Taking a critical view of the qualifications required for administering psychotherapy: shedding light on why the yoga practice and Eastern philosophies are not considered therapies whereas humanism and positive psychology are accredited. Ethical and Professional Issues in Psychology 2/1 1/2014 Clatter-Suzanne sore (561993 (M)) Selene vela (390593 (M)) Emilie coupled (68225 (A)) Introduction Academically, an individual becomes a psychologist after completing a first degree in psychology, a masters program in a specific psychological field, and a further program set to acquire a work warranty as a professional. Furthermore, to be a psychologist, one must encompass 5 cardinal values (PAP, 2010). These values are beneficence and malefaction, fidelity and responsibility, integrity, Justice, respect for peoples rights and dignity (PAP, 2010). Once a psychologist adheres to the aforementioned academic achievements and ethical codes, they are authorized to engage in psychotherapeutic practice. The main focus of this paper will be to analyses the principle of humanism and positive psychology In relation to unaccredited Eastern philosophies and the yoga practice that have synonymous benefits to psychotherapy, but are delivered by different professionals/non-professionals. Initially the focus will be on humanistic psychology and positive psychology, followed by specific values of the humanistic theory in relation to the practice of psychotherapy. This will be followed by an analytic view point of mindfulness based therapies. In addition we will attempt to delve into aspects of how one can quantify the emotional benefit derived from the aforementioned practices, the scientific benefits of the yoga practice, and finally, consider the use of intuition in clinical practice and Eastern philosophy. Humanistic Psychology and Positive Psychology The main objective of humanistic psychology is to aid individuals in achieving the potential within the individual that is present at birth. This highlights and alms to develop dignity and self-worth of each individual, and thus promotes their authenticity (Ragman, 2008). In therapy It Is the clients perception that Is emphasized so that the therapist can fully conceptualize the clients subjective experience of their current Internal state (Corey, 2013). Furthermore, the psychologist that allows self-exploration even after the required therapy sessions have been employed (Corey, 2013). In the same way, positive psychology is a model which highlights the value of being hopeful, spiritual, wise, responsible and resilient in everyday life (Cone Teen, 2010). Positive psychology focuses on the adaptive, creative and intrinsic motivation in the lives of individuals. It is specified to address the optimal functioning of ordinary people and their everyday lives, highlighting their positive attributes not only within themselves but also within the community (Sheldon King, 2001). One of the main shortcomings of such an approach is that the psychologist is required to possess a certain degree of maturity along with life experience, extensive training and comprehensive knowledge of existentialism (Corey, 2013). Thus, one might argue whether the academic achievements achieved through the psychologists previous training are enough to validate the psychotherapeutic methods they offer. In Mascots self-actualization theory he produces a schema that the humanistic biology that makes up an individual is good or neutral. In Mascots hierarchy of needs, this humanistic biology is seen to derive its energy from deficiency needs and growth needs (Rickrack, 2008). The hierarchy starts with a base level of physiological needs, moving on to safety needs, belongingness and love needs, esteem needs and finally self-actualization and growth needs. According to Mascots humanistic approach people who are self- actualities are problem-centered, are interested in taking on projects that benefit others and tend to feel a greater sense of personal accomplishment. The character of self-actualities people is generally non-critical, detached from the dominant culture but they adhere to societys rules. Self-actualities people are able to understand heir own shortcomings and are willing to seek assistance or guidance when their personal inventory of knowledge is limited (Rickrack, 2008). If humanistic psychologists view the essentially most developed aspect of an individual to be based on a foundation of six steps that need to be achieved before reaching their full potential, one would argue on how it is possible to have nothing and really have everything. Examples of such a postulation are characters such as Mother Theresa. Thus, adopting a critical perspective, one can argue whether it is actually possible to measure self-actualization. If it not possible to measure self-actualization, then how is humanistic psychology different to eastern philosophy in terms of statistical validity? In the spectrum of therapies used in humanism, mindfulness based therapy is one of the accredited psychotherapeutic domains for psychological intervention. Mindfulness is the concept of being aware of your own cognitive and affective state of mind. Mindfulness allows one to be totally in the present moment, without passing judgment, and maintaining an earnest attitude to their current state and mental processes (Burks Kabobs,2012). When considering mindfulness based psychotherapy, and eastern meditation, the main difference is that mindfulness based psychotherapy can be quantified using MASS and other scales. The MASS measures the amount of instances in which individuals enter a mindful state (Brown Ryan,2003). After mindfulness based psychotherapy, the MASS : Mindful Attention Awareness Scale reveals that this intervention is associated with lower expression of neurotics, anxious and depressive feelings as well as negative affectively. In fulfillment, dignity and self-actualization. Furthermore, it also corresponded to higher autonomy, competency and relatedness; all of which constitute the basic tenets underlying self-determination theory (Brown Ryan, 2003). In addition, mindfulness also corresponds to Openness to experience as explained in the Big Five. However, since openness to experience is in itself indefinable, the validity of mindfulness being a part of the spectrum is open to interpretation (Costa McCrae, 1992; as cited in Brown Ryan, 2003). This means that the essential difference between a psychotherapist initiating mindfulness based psychotherapy and a practitioner of Eastern philosophy initiating meditation is that a psychotherapist has the tools for identifying and interpreting the resulting outcomes of the therapy. Mindfulness- based cognitive therapy (AMBIT) is an intervention derived from Kebab-Zions (1990) 8 week group treatment program aimed at reducing stress, and involves components of cognitive behavioral therapy. The objective of this therapy is for the treatment of depression and to increase awareness of personal and negative thoughts. The therapist assigns specific tasks which enable the client to apply skills learned in the hereby room into the external environment (Corey, 2013). Another mindfulness based approach emphasizes acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) which focuses on increasing non-judgmental awareness and acceptance rather than attempting to alter the individuals cognitive state (Corey, 2013). Consequently, mindfulness highlights the importance of being in the present moment rather than formulating an ideology of self-judgment and criticism (Carson Longer, 2006). In light of this information, one may ask: how can we say that mindfulness based psychotherapy is better or different to meditation? Potential describes meditation as a mental saddens (practice) which leads one to a ashamed paranoia which means a transformation towards tranquility. Meditation is said to lead a person to a balanced state of mind, and to provide spiritual attainment through observation and reflection of oneself (lounger, 2002). An evident distinction in mindfulness based therapies and Buddhist meditation is that the cognitive states when entering the intervention are different and distinct, however the resulting post-meditative state results in the same cognitive mindful awareness (Carson Longer (1989); as cited in Carson Longer, 2006)). This means that both types of intervention are technically different but are essentially leading to the same, focused, therapeutic result. This raises questions as to why psychologists need to be accredited to initiate mindfulness based therapeutic interventions, whereas practitioners of Eastern philosophy are using similar interventions without being regulated. Scientific Evidence of the Benefits of Yoga Derived from Eastern philosophy, Yoga was perceived by Westerns as a path to self- realization. According to Potential, yoga is made up of action, self-discipline, self- duty, and surrender to the divine. The physical (practice) asana focuses on taps; the desire to remove impurities from the body, spirit, and mind. This practice over many years will bring intelligence, and a full, vibrant life (lounger, 2002). The maintenance of the yoga practice provides benefits such as changes in perspective, increased self-awareness, and a general sense of energize motivation to live a positive, fulfilling life (Woodward, 2011). More recently and with the basis of scientific inquiry, Yoga is believed to provide physical and mental health benefits. It has Kandahar Verbally, 2012). The yoga practices combats the physiological fight or flight response in the autonomic nervous system, and thus provides the individual with the tools for dealing effectively with stresses, in order to continue to explore a more balanced state of cognition (Woodward, 2011). The yoga practice has been found to improve psychophysiology in individuals, as well as improve memory, cognition, and general well-being in any individuals life (Albuquerque et al. 2012). It is interesting to note that the scientific evidence provides us with a new perspective on owe we can lead individuals to a state of overall well-being in their life. Thus, if yoga is a practice that can be practiced by anyone, in order to benefit their well-being, and psychology benefits the general well-being of individuals life, then one would ask how ethical it is that psychology is not readily offered to all people, and yet yoga studios and meditation centers are largely available and at only a fraction of the cost of psychotherapy. This being said, among the values of psychology and yoga, one notable distinction is that one who attends a psychotherapeutic session is protected y the law, and their confidentiality and anonymity is preserved throughout treatment. Other techniques derived from particular aspects of the yoga practice are loving-kindness meditation and compassion meditation. Loving-kindness meditation (ELK) is a clinical technique used to instill a sense of profound loving compassion in the client for all those that surround him/her throughout their life (Grossman, Hint Hofmann, 2011). Another technique used in line with ELK is compassion meditation (CM) which is meditation that centers on empathic feelings towards others who have been subject to misfortune in their lives. The result of the therapies together do not necessarily create a compassionate psyche, however, they present the individual with the tools to be curious of their own personal feelings, and cultivate compassion in moments of anger, thus preserving the individuals current state of peace, and not allowing external disturbances to affect the individuals state (Grossman, Hint Hofmann, 2011). This therapy, directly derived from Buddhist tradition allows an individual to cultivate feeling of gratitude and kindness towards oneself, and eventually understanding that these feelings are universal in all human nines, and thus the kindness and compassion is shared with others (Grossman, Hint Hofmann, 2011). Scientific evidence proves that the techniques of ELK and CM are effective interventions when clients are exposed to interpersonal issues, depression, anxiety, problems in their marriage, problems with anger management, and issues relating to the stresses of carving (Grossman, Hint Hofmann, 2011). Considering he physical and emotional benefits of the yoga practice in mind, a grey area arises within the construct of the ethical code for psychologists due to the act that not all psychologists may be informed of the benefits of this practice, and thus may not use these therapies to intervene when these therapies could be the most effective in the situation. This raises issues to whether a clinical practitioner can really be 100% ethical in their practice and choice of treatment. Intuition In clinics, professional psychologists are known to make use of intuitive processing of clinician uses this approach to direct therapeutic intervention and to form cognitions on the clients current situation. Intuition itself can be described as a process of ensign or attaining information from the external environment in order to make an informed decision or postulation about the internal current or future states that will develop within the client. Predisposing factors in the personality of the clinician will lead to a definite bias in the perception of pattern of observed behavior or cognition in clients, which leads to an intuitive Judgment (Welling, 2005). The four main phases of intuitive processing are detection phase (inception of a feeling) (Erik, 1948; as cited in Welling, 2005), dichotomy awareness phase (awareness of feeling), related object hash (cognitive postulation with an unclear emotional state) and metaphorical solution phase (concrete evaluation of emotional processing). When one analyses the intuitive processing that occurs within psychologists one can conclude that the manner in which an intuitive Judgment is formed cannot be quantified and thus cannot be scientifically proven. This lack of empirical evidence raises ethical concerns about whether a clinical psychologist is any better to a practitioner of Eastern philosophy who uses intuition based techniques throughout their practice. This Ewing said, clinicians need to be aware of any ethical dilemmas that may occur within client interactions in order to protect the well-being of their clients. A main issue of concern is that wrong intuitive Judgment can lead to unnecessary treatment processes. Conclusion When one looks at the many different psychological therapies that are based on derivatives of eastern philosophy, one is subject to question how we can devastate eastern philosophy as something that is not scientific and does not feature in a psychotherapeutic setting. It is interesting to note that from such an analytic view mint, it becomes increasingly aware of the possibility of viewing both psychology and eastern philosophy from scientific and unscientific, unaccredited stand points. This postulating raises significant dilemmas in the practice of psychology, as the practitioner needs to always keep informed and analyses their actions carefully in order to conform to ethical codes of conduct and not range into the unscientific aspects of psychology. Essentially, we can conclude that the use of psychotherapeutic methods and their benefits can be perceived and adapted to different cultures, and ore importantly, to individual needs. Thus, it is the prerogative of a qualified psychologist to integrate their academic knowledge, comply with ethical codes, and apply the most effective therapies for the context and always keep the clients best interest as the foundation for the therapeutic process.

IMO Ballast Water Exchange and Performance Standards

IMO Ballast Water Exchange and Performance Standards In order to reduce damage from aquatic invasive species the International Maritime Organization (IMO) developed the â€Å"International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships Ballast Water and Sediments†. The BWM convention began with the IMO’s Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC) in 1991. Since then there have been many revisions. Some of these revisions were driven by advancing technology to remove unwanted organisms at flow rates that would not severely impact operations. Treatment of ballast water with the latest technology can meet standards at a rate of 2500 cubic meters (660,430 US Gallons) per hour. A large vessel may still take several hours per exchange to flush her ballast tanks at this rate. Flow rates and energy consumption must be acceptable to operators while producing no harmful effects on the environment. Ballast Water Standards There are two types of ballast water standards in the convention. Their differences are significant and they should not be directly compared. The first, Ballast Water Exchange, is based on specified distances and depths where a vessel may discharge. Ballast Water Performance is a standard based on the number of viable organisms allowed per unit of treated water. Some areas are instituting standards which exceed the IMO guidelines. Both California and the Great Lakes region of the United States have adopted stringent local guidelines. The US is one of many major shipping nations that have not signed the convention. Thirty nations who have a combined merchant gross tonnage of thirty-five percent of the global tonnage are needed to ratify the convention. Ballast Water Exchange The standard for ballast water exchange is fairly simple. A vessel must discharge foreign ballasts at a specified distance from shore and at a specified depth using a submerged discharge device. Regulation B-4 and D-1 of the BWM convention gives us the specifics. Exchange may take place 200 Nautical Miles (NM) from shore at a depth of 200 meters. If that is not possible for safety or other reasons then a vessel may use the next procedure.If neither of these scenarios is possible then a vessel may exchange â€Å"in an area designated by the port state†. While undertaking ballast water exchange a port state must not cause deviation or delay of a ship.Efficiency of exchange should be at least 95% of volume and must be repeated three times. Vessels which demonstrate high-efficiency exchanges may reduce the number of exchange cycles.Ballast Water Exchange should only be undertaken when the safety of the vessel and crew are guaranteed. Ballast Water Performance In the case of Ballast Water Exchange, ship operators are flushing untreated ballast out of the tanks. This is a practical if not perfect way of allowing older vessels to operate without the expense and logistical problems of ballast water treatment retrofits. New and retrofitted vessels are much less likely to transport unwanted species because the ballast water treatment systems eliminate a large proportion of the viable organisms from the ballast tanks before discharge. Systems like these significantly reduce the chances of unwanted species being introduced by inefficient exchange practices or in the event of an untreated near shore discharge for safety reasons. The IMO uses the following guidelines for the Ballast Water Exchange standard in regulation D-2. Ballast water must contain less than 10 viable organisms which are greater than or equal to 50 microns in size per cubic meter (264 US Gallons). For reference, 50 microns is about half the thickness of an average human hair.In addition, ballast water must contain less than 10 viable organisms that are less than 50 microns but greater than or equal to 10 microns per milliliter (1/1000th of a liter).Indicator Microbes may not exceed the following amounts; Vibrio Cholerae - less than 1 CFU (colony forming unit) per 100 Ml, E. Coli – less than 250 CFU per 100Ml, Enterococci – less than 100 CFU per 100Ml. Water treated to this standard is considered pure enough to discharge in most ports. These steps to re-mediate ballast water are only effective in the removal of unwanted organisms. It is still possible to carry toxins like copper and heavy metals often found in ports to other destinations in ballast water and these pollutants may concentrate in ballast tank sediment. Radioactive substances can also be transported in ballast but any serious cases would likely be found quickly by monitoring personnel.

Literature, Intertextuality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Literature, Intertextuality - Essay Example These results not only in what Roland Barthes calls as the "Death of the Author", but also makes the issue of authorship debatable. According to Barthes, the text [is] woven entirely with citations, references, echoes, cultural languages . . . which cut across it through and through in a vast stereophony. . . The citations which go to make up a text are anonymous, untraceable, and yet already read 1(Barthes 194-5) If intertextuality is a problematization of the inside-outside ratio of the text and context game, a classic example would be John Barth's Dunyazadiad. The text not only explicitly refers to the original work of The 1001 Nights, which is historically seen as an act of unoriginality, of plagiarism, but manages to create something original out of the reference. In the story, when Scheherazade and the genie (John Barth) are discussing the ending of the story the reader is currently reading, her epiphany illustrates one of the central ideas behind Barth's reworking: "Sherry asked with a smile whether by 'his version' the Genie meant that copy of the Nights from which he'd been assisting us or the story he himself was in the midst of inventing." The fact that Barth consciously subverts the original reference and recasts Dunyazade, the younger sister of the doomed Queen Scheherazade, the original protagonist of the Arabic tale, as the main stay of his text, shows Barth not only toying with the idea of form (as represented by the canon of Queen Scheherazade), but also illustrates the idea of post modern fiction to venture into the realms of 'might have been's' rather than following the filiated history. The greatest triumph of Barth lies in breaking this discourse of filiation, of canonization, by producing a pastiche of the probable. The intertextuality in the text thus, capillarizes the power lying inherently with the omniscient author of The 1001 Nights. If intertextuality celebrates the concept of art imitating art, it is true that Barth's text is a pluralistic discourse. However, the question of whether the text owes more to other texts than itself becomes difficult to analyze simply because the meta-narratives which evolve from Dunyazadiad are themselves a part of the world of intertextuality. The recursive tale structure is a treasure-house of narratives, but is at the same time confounding as it is held in the semiotics of language whose meaning can neither be ascertained nor be fully comprehended. Thus, "I can't conclude it," the narrator admits at the end of "Dunyazadiad," "but it must end in the night that all good mornings come to." The function of intertextuality in Alejo Carpentier's Like the Night has a function which is similar and at the same time dissimilar to Barth's Dunyazadiad. Whereas the similarity is evident in both the text's ability to challenge and break the canon of filiality, the difference becomes one in degree. Alejo's text, one could argue is a conscious effort to defer the issue of authorship at such an ad infinitum pace that its elasticity could combine the aesthetic concerns of multi-cultural traditions and focus on broader social issues regarding cultural identity. A typical example would be the use

Discussion Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 75

Discussion - Assignment Example . This poem clearly brings out the theme of courage well. Unlike his peers who strive to impress the visiting audience, Michael chooses to do what he perceives right in his eyes even though he knows the backlash he would receive from the society. Since beginning of time, those who act contrary to the norms of the society are the ones who make a difference on earth. Like a child, he is at peace with what he does and loves. Like a rose has both the male and female parts, he blends both masculinity and feminism. Cultural conflict is the dominant theme in this poem. Different races and cultures are always in conflict with each other and in a bid to advance their ideologies or to prove their superiority over others; most conflicts end up in bloodsheds. In Casual Wear, a tourist woman falls victim to a vicious attack by the terrorist. While the odds are one to nine that she will be at the place of the attack, she ironically ends up there and is killed. The tourist may have come from a nation that was in conflict with the terrorist’s country. She wears extravagantly in a country that fashion is not taken seriously. Just like her clothes did not matter to the terrorist, so was her life. The main cause of terrorism is cultural differences. Using force or violence to counter terrorism will only result to more violence. The best method to stop terrorism would be to accept other people’s cultural, ideological and religious beliefs. Stereotyping people will only lead to more resentment. For example, Muslims are portrayed as terrorists in most Hollywood films. This should be banned. Ballad of Birmingham is based on a real life bombing of an African-American church in 1963. The poem begins with a girl begging her mother to go to a freedom march, but her mother refuses. She however allows her to go to church where she believes is secure. Unfortunately, the church is attacked by arsons and the little girl dies. The message that is clear is